5. Blog Assignment #5: Due Tuesday, May 29, 2012 at Midnight
Research and answer the following topics about the history of the Towers and the 9/11 Memorial.
You may either summarize or bullet point the following:
-the date the World Trade Center was first built
-the business conducted inside
-the timeline for the creation of the 9/11 Memorial in Ground Zero.
-the thought process behind the architectural design of the Memorial and new building
-the memorial services held there and how the public honors the deceased
Include your sources in MLA format.
April 4, 1973, the World Trade center was opened
ReplyDelete1974, French acrobat Philippe Petit walked between the 2 towers
February 13, 1975, there was a fire
April 1976, The Windows of the World was opened
February 26, 1993, there was bombing 6 killed over a thousand wounded
1998, the world trade center was privatized
September 9, 2001, Al Queda destroys the Twin Towers
May 30, 2002, the clean up of the world trade center ended
February 2003, the plans for the Freedom tower was made
- Taller than the twin towers
- Also has a giant antenna
January 2004, the plans for the 9/11-memorial site were chosen
- includes a wall with all the victims
- An underground museum
- two shallow pools
May 2006 the 7 World Trade Center was rebuilt
http://www.infoplease.com/spot/wtc1.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Trade_Center
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ReplyDeleteThe date the World Trade Center was first built.
ReplyDelete-ideas about making the World Trade Center began in 1946
-construction begins in 1966
-the two towers opened in 1973
The business conducted inside.
-inside it housed over 430 companies
-Some of the professions of the companies were transportation, banking, customs brokerage, and import and export companies.
-these companies were also from over 20 different countries.
The timeline for the creation of the 9/11 Memorial in Ground Zero.
- January 2004, Michael Arad's concept for the memorial wins and he begins to develop plans with architect, Peter Walker.
-March 13th 2006, construction begins
-September 2011, they began planting the final trees surrounding the memorial
-September 12th 20011, the memorial is finally open
The thought process behind the architectural design of the Memorial and new building.
-two pools are created on the exact places where the two twin towers laid and they have two gigantic waterfalls. They show how sadly us Americans felt when we lost our loved ones.
-The names of all the victims (including the bombing in 1993) are inscribed on the walls of the waterfall.
-The placement of the names is symbolic because some names are on the north waterfall and some are on the south (based on the plane the victim was killed or the building they were in on 9/11)
-Lastly, the trees were created to symbolize the rebirth of America and how we will rebound from the tragedy.
The memorial services held there and how the public honors the deceased.
-On September 11th 2011 there was a huge service held at the memorial for the deceased.
-Thousands of volunteers spoke to the viewers of the memorial about how tragic that day was.
-family members announced every person that was killed on 9/11 and they share how much they loved them.
-This was the 10th anniversary of 9/11 and a day of tribute to those who were killed.
im emailing you the citations.
DeleteWorld Trade Center Construction:
ReplyDelete• WTC center idea began in 1946
• Started on August 5, 1966
• 1 WTC was completed in 1970, 2 WTC in 1971, 3 WTC in 1981, 4, 5 & 6 WTC in 1975, and 7 WTC in 1987
• Opened April 4, 1973
Businesses:
• Over 430 different businesses
• Banks/Financial
• Investment Companies
• Insurance
• Attorneys
• Airlines
• TV Channels
• Tenants were from over 20 different countries
Timeline:
• The idea of a Memorial was immediately thought of
• Michael Arad wins contest for memorial concept in January 2004
• March 2006, construction begins
• September 12, 2011, the memorial opens after 10 years
Architectural Design:
• Two enormous waterfalls and reflecting pools, each about an acre in size, set within the footprints of the original twin towers
• There are more than 400 trees, which makes it one of the most eco-friendly plazas
• The trees are from areas impacted by 9/11, New York, Pennsylvania, and near Washington D.C.
• “The paving of the plaza sits on a series of concrete tables that suspend the plaza over troughs of nutrient-rich soil for the planted trees” (911memorial.org)
• This allows the soil to be loose for healthy trees, which is not common in urban areas
• The names of the victims including the bombing in 1993 are inscribed on the waterfall walls
• The placement of names is interesting because people are put together by where he or she worked or who he or she knew
Memorial Services:
• Every year there is a memorial service for the anniversary
• The names of the victims are read
• This past year was the tenth anniversary
Works Cited:
Delete"CNN.com Specials." CNN.com - Breaking News, U.S., World, Weather, Entertainment & Video News. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 May 2012.
.
"Design Overview." 911 Memorial. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 May 2012. .
"Names Arrangement | National September 11 Memorial & Museum." National September 11 Memorial & Museum | World Trade Center Memorial. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 May 2012. .
"Original Construction || About the WTC || World Trade Center ||." || World Trade Center ||. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 May 2012. .
The World Trade Center, located in Lower Manhattan, was the major icon of the “Big Apple”. The idea of building this gigantic symbol of New York was taken serious in 1949, when the economic growth was focused Midtown Manhattan rather than Lower Manhattan. David Rockefeller suggested that Port Authority would be an ideal location for the World Trade Center. The Northern tower was built in 1970 while the Southern tower was built in 1973. In addition to this, the Windows of the World was opened in April 1976 as the finishing touch. Inside of the towers there is an area called the Top of the World Trade Center Observatories on the 107th and 110th floor. Security was added after the bombing in the basement of the towers in 1993. In addition to this, the Windows on the World restaurant was opened in the North Tower on the 106th and 107th floor. On a typical weekday 50,000 people worked in the towers with another 200,000 visitors passing through. The Memorial at the site where the twin towers was once standing. On September 13, 2001, Volunteer construction worker Frank Silecchia found a steel crossbeam in the rubble, which later became known as the “Ground Zero Cross”. The clean up for this tragedy took awhile, but was completed on May 30, 2002. The site and plans were as followed in January 2004. This sight is approximately half of the 16-acre site. The features of the memorial include two enormous waterfalls and reflecting pool, which are placed within the footprints of the original towers. In addition, to this a eco-friendly memorial had been created which holds more than 400 trees and symbolizes renewal and hope. This plaza is then surrounded by swamp white oak trees to provide a cooling shade and an aroma to the plaza. This type of tree was chosen due to their durability and beautiful colors. The memorial also uses other ways to store energy, for example, the irrigation of rain or storm water and the pest management systems help conserve energy, water and other natural resources. The rainwater is collected in storage tanks below the plaza surface and then used in the irrigation system. The architect of this project was chosen from the winner of a competition and this happened to be Michael Arad. To commemorate the 3,000 people that died on this notorious day we have special events. The first is a moment of silence, throughout the country there is a moment of silence, which we do in our school as well. Finally there is a public honor of the deceased at ground zero, in which they recite memories and list the people who had died on that tragic day.
ReplyDeleteill email the citations
Delete• Plans for the World Trade center started in 1962
ReplyDelete• The north tower was opened in December of 1970 and the south tower in January 1972
• The World Trade Center was completely opened in 1973
• There were over 430 different businesses (banks, attorneys, investment companies, insurance, transportation, etc.)
• April 1, 2003- The Lower Manhattan Development Corporation announced the start of an international design competition to find plans for a memorial site for both 9/11 and the 1993 bombings of the World Trade Center
• January 2004- Michael Arad and Peter Walker were selected as the designers of the Memorial ‘Reflecting Absence'
• December 2004- The final design of the WTC Memorial and museum was unveiled by Arad and Walker.
• March 13th 2006- construction begins on the memorial site
• September 12, 2011- Memorial is opened to the public
• The memorial is called “reflecting absence” because there are two gigantic pools where the twin towers stood
• Inside the pool are the largest man made waterfalls in America to symbolize the sadness that all Americans faced after the terrorist attacks
• The names of all the victims were initially meant to be inscribed in the waterfalls, but they ended up going on the surrounding plaza for both cost reasons as well as accessibility for the families of the victims
• The entire site is covered with new trees to symbolize America’s rebirth after the attacks
• Every year on 9/11 starting in 2011 there is a memorial service for those who died in the attack
"World Trade Center Site Memorial Competition." World Trade Center Site Memorial Competition. Web. 29 May 2012. .
Delete"WTC Timeline." || About the WTC || World Trade Center ||. Web. 29 May 2012. .
Infoplease. Infoplease. Web. 29 May 2012. .
"World Trade Center." About.com Manhattan, NY. Web. 29 May 2012. .
Steven Cohen
ReplyDeleteIn February 1967, construction began on the Twin Towers. Construction stopped shortly afterwards but resumed on December 23, 1970. The building was opened to the public on April 4, 1973. The World Trade Center was the home of many businesses, including financial, personal, and manufacturing services and even some TV stations. The towers were each 1360 feet tall, and were for less than a year the tallest buildings in the world. After the attacks on September 11th they knew that they must dedicate a memorial for those who perished. In 2003 a design contest for the memorial was opened for entries. On November 19, 2003 they decided on the finalists for the contest. They had received 5200 entries from people worldwide. The winning design was revealed on January 6, 2004. The memorial was opened on the 10th anniversary of the attacks. It is made of two sunken bases, which represent the original foundations of the Twin Towers. There are waterfalls inside of the square bases. All around are the names of the people who died in 9/11. In the design statement from the architects, they said, “The enormity of this space and the multitude of names underscore the vast scope of the destruction.” The fountains and the trees give a sense of hope and renewal to the visitors.
The new building known as the Freedom Tower or One World Trade Center will be taller than any other skyscraper in the USA. The safety qualities were especially made to improve upon the original building’s safety. President Obama and Former President George W. Bush were at the memorial service at Ground Zero on September 11, 2011 for the 10th anniversary. Obama read from the Bible and then the nearly 3000 names from 1993 and 2001 were both read aloud. In accordance to each of the plane crashes there were moments of silence.
Works Cited
"1 World Trade Center." World Trade Center. World Trade Center. Web. 25 May 2012. .
"CNN.com Specials." CNN. Cable News Network. Web. 24 May 2012. .
"Design Overview." National September 11 Memorial & Museum. 9-11 Memorial. Web. 23 May 2012. .
Goudie, Chuck. "Attack Victims Honored at 9/11 Memorial in NYC." ABC 7 News. ABC News Network, 11 Sept. 2011. Web. 25 May 2012. .
"Memorial at Ground Zero." CBC News Photo Gallery. CBC News, 2012. Web. 25 May 2012. .
"World Trade Center." History.com. History Channel. Web. 24 May 2012. .
Michael Frischman
ReplyDeletePeriod 4
Blog #5
World Trade Center First Built:
1972 (Tower One), 1973 (Tower Two)
Businesses:
The twin towers housed more than 430 companies from 28 countries. The companies did a lot of commercial activities, like banking and finance, insurance, transportation, import and export companies, customs brokerage, trade associations and representatives of foreign governments
Timeline:
Winter 2001 - Spring 2002: Debris Cleared. The collapse of the World Trade Center buildings left some 1.8 billion tons of steel and concrete
May 2002: Last Support Beam Removed. The last support beam from the south tower of the former World Trade Center was removed during a ceremony on May 30, 2002. This marked the official end of the World Trade Center recovery operation.
December 2002: Many Plans Proposed. More than 2,000 proposals were submitted to New York's Innovative Design Contest.
February 2003: Master Plan Selected. From the many proposals submitted, the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation selected Studio Libeskind to design a master plan that would restore the 11 million square feet of office space that had been lost on September 11, 2001. Architect Daniel Libeskind proposed the plan.
December 2003: New Design Unveiled. After extensive revisions, Daniel Libeskind's plan for the World Trade Center site was transformed. The re-designed Freedom Tower was officially presented on December 19, 2003. David Childs became the lead architect the following summer.
January 2004: Memorial Proposed. A competition to design a memorial honoring those who died in the terrorist attacks inspired 5,201 proposals from 62 countries. The winning concept by Michael Arad was announced in January 2004. Arad joined forces with landscape architect Peter Walker to develop the plans.
2005: Designs Disputed. For more than a year, construction stalled. Families of September 11 victims objected to the plans. Cleanup workers reported health problems stemming from toxic dust at Ground Zero. Many people worried that the soaring Freedom Tower would be vulnerable to another terrorist attack. A top official in charge of the project resigned. In the midst of the controversy, real estate developer Donald Trump proposed an alternate plan. Architects went back to the drawing board. By June 2005, Freedom Tower had been redesigned.
2006: construction of memorial begins
September 12th 2011 the memorial opened to the public
Architectural Design:
ReplyDeleteThis memorial creates a space that has the feelings of loss and absence that were generated by the destruction of the World Trade Center and the thousands of deaths on September 11, 2001 and February 26, 1993. It is located in a field of trees that is interrupted by two large voids containing recessed pools. The pools are set within the footprints of the Twin Towers. A cascade of water goes around the perimeter of each square giving the pools a continuous stream of water. They are large voids, open and visible reminders of the absence.
The surface of the memorial plaza is interrupted by the linear rows of deciduous trees, forming clusters, clearings and groves. This surface is made up of a composition of stone pavers, plantings and low ground cover. Through its annual cycle of rebirth, the living park extends and deepens the experience of the memorial.
Surrounding the pools on bronze parapets are the names. The enormity of this space and the many names underline the vast range of the destruction. At the water's edge, looking at a pool of water that is flowing away, a visitor can sense that what is beyond these walls is inaccessible.
The memorial plaza is designed to be a mediating space; it belongs both to the city and to the memorial. Located at street level to allow for its incorporation into the city life, the plaza encourages the use of this space by New Yorkers on a daily basis. The memorial grounds will not be isolated from the rest of the city; they will be a living part of it.
The result is a memorial that expresses both the loss of life and its reassuring regeneration.
Memorial Services and Public Honors:
The memorial services that are held there is they announce the names of all the people that died on 9/11 and the public honors the deceased by raising money for the families, learning about 9/11 in schools, and a moment of silence on 9/11 every year.
Works Cited
"BUILDING BIG: Databank: World Trade Center." PBS: Public Broadcasting Service. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 May 2012. .
"CNN.com Specials." CNN.com - Breaking News, U.S., World, Weather, Entertainment & Video News. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 May 2012. .
Craven, Jackie. "9/11/01 - 9/11/11 - Photo Timeline of Destruction and Reconstruction in New York." Architecture and House Styles and Building Design. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 May 2012. .
"National September 11 Memorial & Museum." National September 11 Memorial & Museum | World Trade Center Memorial. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 May 2012. .
Craven, Jackie. "9/11/01 - 9/11/11 - Photo Timeline of Destruction and Reconstruction in
ReplyDeleteNew York." Architecture and House Styles and Building Design. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 May 2012. .
The World Trade Center was built between 1966 and 1973. It officially opened on April 4th, 1973. It was constructed and operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. There were more than “430 companies from 28 countries” (CNN). There were many different fields “including banking and finance, insurance, transportation, import and export companies, customs brokerage, trade associations and representatives of foreign governments” (CNN).
ReplyDeleteThe design was chosen “from a global design competition that included more than 5,200 entries from 63 nations” (911memorial). The architects Michael Arad and Peter Walker created the winning design of the memorial. There are two recessed pools, which are located at the footprints of the Twin Towers. The pools are surrounded by the names of all the people who died in the 1993 and 2001 attacks. The trees surrounding the pools represent “the destruction and renewal of life in their own annual cycles” (911memorial). The construction of the memorial began in March of 2006. The main building, The Freedom Tower, is expected to be completed by 2013.
Ten years after the attacks a memorial service was held at the 9/11 memorial. At 8:46 a.m. “citywide moments of silence were observed and houses of worship throughout New York City rang their bells” (ABC); and another moment of silence was held at 9:03 a.m. to signify the times that the towers were hit. During the ceremony all 3,000 names were read to honor the deceased. George W. Bush and Barrack Obama were present to gives speeches.
"CNN.com Specials." CNN.com - Breaking News, U.S., World, Weather, Entertainment & Video News. Web. 29 May 2012. .
"Ten Years Later: 9/11 memorial service under way in New York City | abc7chicago.com." ABC Owned Television Stations. Web. 29 May 2012. .
"The World Trade Center: Statistics and History." The Skyscraper Museum. Web. 29 May 2012. .
-the date the World Trade Center was first built
ReplyDelete-strong ideas about the trade center came out in the early 1960’s
-in 1962 official construction plans were made
-building started in1966
-the business conducted inside
-industry
-government
-financing
-law firms
-transportation
-reality
-computer/data processing
-the timeline for the creation of the 9/11 Memorial in Ground Zero.
-2002 design contest were held for the best ideas on the reconstruction
-feb. 2003 further plans were made and more then just a building would be created(memorial, garden etc.)
-jul. 2003 further ideas were made to express a new way of life for Americans
-2004-2005 more plans about building location and space it would take up were thought up
-2006 construction begins
-the thought process behind the architectural design of the Memorial and new building
-Michael Arad was the architect behind the construction
-2 reflecting pools in close proximity to where the towers once stood with the victims names its purpose was to let victims families to reflect on their lives
-rebuilding of the WTC to show Americas rebuilding and regrouping after such an event
-the memorial services held there and how the public honors the deceased
-outside of the names of the victims on the memorial itself, at the tenth 10 anniversary all the names of the deceased were announced in there honor
-the memorial is open to public access
"9/11 Memorial Architect Michael Arad Discusses Vision For Landmark « CBS New York." CBS New York. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 May 2012. .
ReplyDelete"CNN.com Specials." CNN.com - Breaking News, U.S., World, Weather, Entertainment & Video News. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 May 2012. .
Johnson, David, and Shmuel Ross. "World Trade Center History — Infoplease.com." Infoplease: Encyclopedia, Almanac, Atlas, Biographies, Dictionary, Thesaurus. Free online reference, research & homework help. — Infoplease.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 May 2012. .
Johnson, David, and Shmuel Ross. " World Trade Center timeline | nyc-architecture." nyc-architecture | new york architecture- historic and contemporary. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 May 2012. .
The World Trade Center was built in the early 1960's. Construction of the buildings began in 1966. The World Trade Center was home to many different companies. It served as an office building for investment companies, clothing companies, doctors and other businesses. Plans for rebuilding the World Trade Center began in 2002. In 2003 the design was chosen. In 2005 the design was redone due to security concerns. The design for the memorial was chosen in 2004. It included all of the names of the people who died in 9 11. The memorial was redesigned in 2006. The foundation began construction in 2006 and was finished in 2007. Construction of the framework began in 2007. The memorial was designed the way it was to honor those who died in 9 11. On september 11 2011 a memorial service was held. In the memorial service the names of those who died in 9 11 were read. President Bush and President Obama attended and spoke.
ReplyDeleteJohnson, David. "World Trade Center History." Fact Monster. n. page. Web. 29 May. 2012. .
Goudie, Chuck. "Attack victims honored at 9/11 memorial in NYC." ABC7News. (2011): n. page. Web. 29 May. 2012. .
The construction of the Twin Towers began in February 1967. The buildings opened on April 4, 1973. They were the home of TV stations, offices, and many other diverse business operations. Each tower was 1360 feet tall, and for almost a year they held the joint position of tallest building in the world, until the construction of the Sears Tower.
ReplyDeleteThe 9/11 attacks sparked great public demand for a memorial. In 2003 a contest was held to design one. They had received over 5200 potential designs by the end of the competition. The winner, constructed by architects Michael Arad and Peter Walker, was chosen January 6, 2004. The memorial was constructed over the next seven years, and it opened on 9/11/11, the tenth anniversary of the attacks.
The final design is centered around two recessed pools, which are located at the footprints of the Twin Towers. The pools are etched with the names of every casualty in the 9/11 attacks, and the 1993 bombing as well. Between the pools lies the Freedom Tower, a 1773-foot-tall skyscraper which is expected to be completed by 2013.
"1 World Trade Center." World Trade Center. World Trade Center. Web. 25 May 2012.
"CNN.com Specials." CNN. Cable News Network. Web. 24 May 2012.
"Design Overview." National September 11 Memorial & Museum. 9-11 Memorial. Web. 23 May 2012.
Craven, Jackie. "9/11/01 - 9/11/11 - Photo Timeline of Destruction and Reconstruction in New York." Architecture and House Styles and Building Design. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 May 2012.
"National September 11 Memorial & Museum." National September 11 Memorial & Museum | World Trade Center Memorial. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 May 2012.
1) The date the World Trade Center was first built:
ReplyDelete- The south tower was completely built in 1971, and it was the first of the 2
- The north tower was completely built in 1973
2) The business conducted inside:
- Retailers/ wholesalers
- Financial Institutions
- Insurance
- Law Firms
- Computers/Data Processing
- Real Estate
3) The timeline for the creation of the 9/11 Memorial in Ground Zero:
- 7/18/2003: Over 5,000 designs are entered into the contest to design a memorial for 9/11 victims
- 11/19/2003: The winner is announced, Michael Arad, and his ideas on the reflecting pools-based design that is now the 9/11 Memorial.
- 12/18/2007: The opening of the memorial is pushed back two years to a completion date of 2011
- 7/28/2011: The American Atheists file a lawsuit to block the inclusion of the famous "9/11 cross" and the building of the memorial is completed
4) The thought process behind the architectural design of the Memorial and new building:
- The Towers were built using a new drywall system reinforced by steel cores
- This would make them the first skycrapers ever built without the use of masonry
- first use of the "slurry wall"
5) The memorial services held there and how the public honors the deceased:
- The memorial services held there consist of reading of all the deceased from 1993 and 2001
- People come up and read their names in remembrance of a lost loved one
- The memorial has all the deceased carved in the stone and people come and pay tribute to those who have died
"World Trade Center." Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6Th Edition (2011): 1-2. Literary Reference Center. Web. 29 May 2012.
ReplyDeletehttp://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?sid=65adf903-0dae-4caf-a2af-b170d7bbd893%40sessionmgr111&vid=5&hid=104&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=lfh&AN=39040357
CNN. "List of World Trade Center Tenants." CNN. Cable News Network. Web. 29 May 2012. .
Green, Jonah. "From Ground Zero To The World Trade Center: Ten Years Of Rebuilding, Revising And Reviving (TIMELINE)." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 09 Sept. 2011. Web. 29 May 2012. .